Some hard-line House Republicans have balked at the agreement Senate Democrats struck with President Trump to fund the government, complicating its path to enactment.
Some of the affected agencies announced sweeping furloughs, while others tapped reserve funds to get through what they expected to be a short shutdown.
A bipartisan spending deal couldn't clear Congress in time to prevent a lapse in federal funding for some departments. The House must pass it to fully reopen the government.