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Jun 22, 2022
Wharton's John Zhang dismisses the notion of "greedflation," saying companies are right to raise prices to meet inflationary pressures created by factors beyond their control.
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Jun 21, 2022
Companies aren't the only ones feeling pressure to meet environmental, social, and corporate governance metrics. Business schools are also working to ensure their coursework and research adhere to a higher standard of responsibility.
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Jun 21, 2022
Wharton finance professor Michael Roberts finds fault with Biden's proposal to cancel student loan debt for millions of borrowers, saying it won't make much of dent in the $1.7 trillion problem.
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Jun 20, 2022
Wharton's Katherine Klein talks with philanthropist and author Jean Case, who was a senior executive at AOL before launching the Case Foundation, about finding purpose and reaching beyond your bubble.
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Jun 18, 2022
Internet-based retailers often spend millions of dollars on advertising but how well do they use website log data to track their own performance in turning random browsers into buyers? And buyers into repeat buyers? And repeat buyers into big spenders? Not well at all claims Peter Fader of Wharton's marketing department. As disturbing signs emerge that online purchasing may be starting to stall Internet-based merchants must do a better job of establishing performance benchmarks and basing marketing strategies on real numbers. They can learn lots of lessons says Fader from the humble grocery store.
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Jun 18, 2022
As many companies and individuals have learned the hard way coming up with a new technology doesn't necessarily mean you will reap the gains from it. What steps can you take to protect your innovation - there are four of them - and how do these strategies work in the brave new world of emerging technologies? Management professor Sidney G. Winter one of the authors of Wharton on Managing Emerging Technologies offers some guidance.
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Jun 18, 2022
Is the lecture hall outdated? Management education needs to be radically rethought for an Internet age becoming more customizable with delivery anytime and anyplace and more applied interactive learning. Two Wharton professors Jerry Wind and David Reibstein discuss a new paradigm for management education facilitated by advances in information technology and how it might be integrated into a decision support system. Wind is also leading the creation of a program that attempts to implement these principles in practice.
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Jun 18, 2022
It's become an all-too-familiar theme of business articles and books: How dramatic increases in competitiveness innovation deregulation globalization and information intensity have created perpetual uncertainty in everyday managerial life. The solution? Stop acting by the old rules and start thinking with the discipline of habitual entrepreneurs says Wharton management professor Ian MacMillan. MacMillan and co-author Rita McGrath of Columbia University show how this is done in their new book The Entrepreneurial Mindset: Strategies for Continuously Creating Opportunity in an Age of Uncertainty
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Jun 18, 2022
Peter Cappelli director of Wharton's Center for Human Resources began his research into employer-paid tuition programs with some skepticism. Why he wondered would employers pay for workers to develop a credential (education degree) that is useful to other employers and will raise the workers' marketability? Furthermore if the employer's goal is to give workers skills for their current job why not just offer training in-house? After several months of research Cappelli has found some surprising answers which he summarizes in a new paper entitled "Why Do Employers Pay for College?"
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Jun 18, 2022
Only a few years ago B2B exchanges were expected to completely alter conventional buyer-supplier relationships. The reality has been otherwise. Only 10% of the 1 000 B2B exchanges launched in the past 18 months are reportedly still in operation. Meanwhile the important B2B action seems to have shifted to industry-wide exchanges run by incumbent firms such as Covisint in the auto industry and Transora in the consumer products sector. In a new research study Wharton management professor John Paul MacDuffie and colleague Susan Helper explore this evolution.
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Jun 18, 2022
Ever since the Internet emerged as a sales channel in the 1990s it has been thought that one of the chief advantages of e-commerce would be its ability to facilitate the customization of goods and services for consumers. That promise however is not yet close to being realized according to experts at Wharton and an e-commerce research firm.
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Jun 18, 2022
As businesses struggle to differentiate themselves in an increasingly crowded marketplace the challenge of choosing a company name looms large. How creative should a name be and what kind of image should it project? Knowledge at Wharton looked at some existing corporate names - old and new effective and not so effective - and asked marketing professors for their views of the corporate name game.
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Jun 18, 2022
Entrepreneurs as most people know are risk-takers who thrive on uncertainty and change always on the lookout for their next startup. But according to new research from Wharton management professor Ian C. MacMillan and co-author Vipin Gupta entrepreneurs aren't the only ones who should be able to operate in unpredictable high-risk environments. Drawing on an extensive worldwide survey of middle managers the two authors outline the qualities that define "entrepreneurial leaders."
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Jun 18, 2022
Webvan the ambitious online grocer once bragged that it would set a new standard for Internet retailing. As most people now know for all its hubris the company has turned out to be one of the dot-com economy's most spectacular failures. After burning its way through $1.2 billion in capital it declared bankruptcy in July. Does Webvan's collapse mean that shoppers dislike buying groceries online? For a part of the answer look across the Atlantic to a Britain-based supermarket chain called Tesco. Its online arm Tesco.com will probably have revenues of $420 million this year.
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Jun 18, 2022
With more than 20 million people registered on the monster.com job search site it's clear that we are a workforce on the move. In a recent executive education session Peter Cappelli director of Wharton's Center for Human Resources explained how a dramatically different labor market is changing not just the way people are hired and fired but how they view their jobs their employers and their careers.
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Jun 18, 2022
True or false: Leaders have followers but not all followers are subordinates. Quite true says Michael Useem director of Wharton's Center for Leadership and Change Management. Indeed if managers wish to be effective they must learn how to lead the people they report to as well as the employees they oversee. Useem calls this process "leading up" and it is the subject of his upcoming book.
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Jun 18, 2022
Linux is unlikely to dethrone Microsoft's Windows as the ubiquitous operating system on desktop PCs anytime soon. But the open-source system will gradually become more attractive to consumers as more applications are written for it. The real growth of Linux will be in its chief market as an operating system for servers.
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Jun 18, 2022
A few days before Daniel Kahneman and Vernon Smith won the Nobel Price in Economic Sciences for their research into how individuals make economic decisions Wharton hosted a debate showcasing two views of market efficiency. The efficient-markets banner was carried by Princeton professor Burton Malkiel author of "A Random Walk Down Wall Street " while Richard Thaler a professor at the University of Chicago represented the behavioral finance camp. The debate was moderated by Wharton finance professor Jeremy Siegel.
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Jun 18, 2022
The residential real estate market in many U.S. cities shows no signs of slowing down as eager home buyers continue to drive prices ever higher. Is this too good to be true? Are home prices a bubble that is soon to burst? Real estate experts at Wharton and in the private sector offer their predictions.
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Jun 18, 2022
Now that employees in many dot-com companies have suddenly found their stock options to be substantially "out of the money " is it time to announce the death of stock options as an integral component of compensation packages? Not so fast argue Wharton accounting professors Christopher Ittner Richard Lambert and David Larcker in a new paper that studies whether the performance of new economy firms is related to the level of equity grants to employees.
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Jun 18, 2022
Choose one: a slight pay raise or a shorter work week. If you chose the former you may be suffering from what authors John de Graaf David Wann and Thomas Naylor call "affluenza " which is both the name of their new book and a reference to America's worship of economic expansion. Think more shopping malls bigger homes more bankruptcies both monetary and spiritual. Affluenza our reviewer says is a riveting terrifying and inspiring analysis of what ails contemporary America.
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Jun 18, 2022
Let's face it. Anyone reading this article thinks that information about how to reward highly-regarded employees applies to them. And we all have ideas about what these rewards should be (more money bigger title bigger office etc.) But short of giving out stock options that will be worth $500 zillion in six months how can managers provide meaningful incentives and rewards for star performers? Wharton management professor Anne Cummings makes some suggestions. (Hint: For starters ditch the company pen set.)
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Jun 18, 2022
"When people have a choice they choose service over anything else including price and product attributes " says Pat House co-founder and executive vice president of Siebel Systems the world's leading supplier of eBusiness application software. During a visit to Wharton earlier this month House explained the strategy that has allowed Siebel to thrive in a notoriously turbulent industry.
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Jun 18, 2022
Customer relationship management or CRM is the buzzword du jour in business circles. To hear some proponents talk about it all a company needs to do is buy and install a sophisticated CRM software package to maximize its returns from customers. Wharton faculty members point out however that making CRM work involves doing a lot more.
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Jun 18, 2022
During the economic downturn that most of corporate America experienced in 2001 the following companies had something in common: Intel Texas Instruments Cirrus Logic and Hunt Wesson. What tied them together was their decision last year to go from a direct (in-house) sales force to a contract or outside sales agency for some or all of their major product lines. Marketing professors Erin Anderson at INSEAD and Len Lodish at Wharton say that outside sales agencies if properly managed can benefit companies regardless of the economic climate.
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Jun 18, 2022
Until recent times marketing was perhaps the only corporate department that did not use metrics that were meaningful to bottom-line-oriented CEOs and CFOs. But that indifference to metrics is becoming a thing of the past. Marketing executives are paying more attention than ever to ways in which they can measure the impact of marketing initiatives on their companies' financial performance. Developing appropriate metrics to capture the financial impact of marketing will be a key topic for discussion at an upcoming conference co-sponsored by Wharton McKinsey & Company and the Marketing Science Institute.
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Jun 18, 2022
How can executives measure returns on investments they make in information technology? This complex issue touches everything from decisions about replacing desktop computers with laptop models to investments in complex software systems. Experts from Wharton and Intel the giant chip maker suggest some methods that may help executives approach these questions.
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Jun 18, 2022
Choosing performance measures is a challenge. Performance measurement systems play a key role in developing strategy evaluating the achievement of organizational objectives and compensating managers. Yet many managers feel traditional financially oriented systems no longer work adequately. A recent survey of U.S. financial services companies found most were not satisfied with their measurement systems. In an article on Oct. 16 2000 in the Financial Times' Mastering Management series Wharton accounting professors Christopher Ittner and David Larcker suggest that financial data have limitations as a measure of company performance. The two note that other measures such as quality may be better at forecasting but can be difficult to implement.
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Jun 18, 2022
The dramatic disintegration of Enron has left a lot of people wondering how this huge publicly-traded company could have fallen so far so fast. Wharton faculty and others help explain what went on behind the scenes at Enron where it is now clear that management exploited loopholes in accounting procedures and created questionable partnerships involving top company officials among other tactics.
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Jun 18, 2022
Now that an underperforming stock market and the excesses of Enron have focused new attention on the use and abuse of stock options as a way to incentivize senior managers what changes if any should companies make in their design of compensation packages? The answer depends on each company's philosophy and goals but Wharton faculty and others suggest guidelines to help define the appropriate combination of executive incentives.
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Jun 18, 2022
Drinking and driving don't mix but Absolut vodka and NASCAR now have something in common. The two companies were honored along with Nike as winners of the Excellence in Marketing awards at last week's CMO Summit held at Wharton on Sept. 19-20. Knowledge at Wharton covered presentations describing the award-winning ad campaigns that have earned these brands global recognition.
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Jun 18, 2022
When management professor Peter Cappelli and the executive search firm Spencer Stuart asked a group of investment bankers to name their top career objective the answer was hardly earth-shattering. The survey however also went on to look at the expectations and concerns of investment bankers at a time when their business has been rocked by recession and a terrorist attack.
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Jun 18, 2022
In an article on Oct. 9 2000 in the Financial Times' Mastering Management series Wharton marketing professor Barbara Kahn writes about the importance of turning customers into advocates who will not only develop loyalty to your company's product or service but will also spread the word to other potential buyers.
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Jun 18, 2022
Even as so many well-known search engines are struggling for survival Google.com continues to thrive actually turning a profit this year according to the privately-held company. What explains Google's success and the loyalty of its users? "Performance not glitter " sums up one Wharton professor. Plus a purist approach to advertising.
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Jun 18, 2022
Given recent increases in the use of stock options by both "new economy" and "old economy" companies one might reasonably expect that employees - the beneficiaries of this perk - understand how options work. But according to recent research by Wharton professors David Larcker and Richard Lambert employees tend to be relatively uninformed as to the basic economics of stock options a finding that has important implications for employers boards of directors and management consultants.
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Jun 18, 2022
Approximately 60% of new ventures fail because of bad marketing decisions according to Wharton professor Leonard Lodish author of a new book entitled Entrepreneurial Marketing. The book explores the critical role marketing decisions - on everything from brand building and positioning to advertising and pricing - play in a company's success. As Lodish says: "There are some business people who intuitively understanding marketing but there are a lot who do not."
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Jun 18, 2022
Yes but which one was it? On April 22 2002 eight finalist teams in the Wharton Business Plan Competition presented their business plans to a panel of six judges hoping their venture would win the $25 000 Grand Prize ($15 000 for second place $10 000 for third place). Read the summaries pick your winners and see if the judges agree.
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Jun 18, 2022
Lee Iacocca was a level 4 leader: effective in running the company but often more committed to self-aggrandizement than the sustained future of the institution. Darwin Smith the little-known former head of Kimberly-Clark was a level 5 leader. James Collins author of Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies and the forthcoming book Good to Great explained the difference at a Wharton Leadership Conference earlier this month.
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Jun 18, 2022
According to a recent study from the Information Technology Association of America U.S. companies will be short nearly 600 000 qualified IT professionals over the next 12 months. Unemployed IT workers find that hard to believe. Indeed the report has rekindled the debate over whether there are too few or too many skilled technology workers in this country and what role if any immigrant workers should play in filling tech jobs.
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Jun 18, 2022
Dell Computer the no-fuss PC sales machine has set the standard for a successful direct-distribution company. But Dell is now reworking its bare-bones formula in an attempt to branch out from the PC market into more sophisticated and profitable computer systems. It's a risky strategy in a tough economic climate but experts suggest it's Dell's only option if it wants to keep growing.
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Jun 18, 2022
J. Scott Armstrong is a marketing professor at Wharton and author of the recent book Principles of Forecasting. In the article that follows he talks about role-playing as a tool for business and government leaders who face crucial decisions in situations ranging from military clashes to marketing challenges.
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Jun 18, 2022
It's the best of times … and the worst of times. Best in that participants in this year's Wharton School Business Plan Competition represented an unusually diverse number of industries. Worst in that the ability of entrepreneurs to raise seed money from venture capitalists is distinctly hobbled by a dismal economy and an equally dismal venture capital industry. Of course what shouldn't change in good times or bad is the ability to recognize a ‘hot' business plan. See if you can pick the winner from this year's ‘eight great' finalists.
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Jun 18, 2022
Most people generally understand that the sooner they begin planning for retirement the better. Putting money aside now rather than later means that you will have more assets in the long run. What many people don't know however is the amount of money they will need to live on in their golden years. Experts at Wharton examine the reasons why people don't save enough for retirement and what strategies are available to change that.
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Jun 18, 2022
It's a familiar scenario: A company brings in a new department head who immediately decides that the way to show leadership is to reorganize. Then a new division head comes on board or a new CEO and there are more reorganizations sometimes several in one month. Yet according to Wharton management professor Peter Cappelli frequent reorganizations "are like doctors treating patients with antibiotics." The medication might work short-term but "long-term it can be harmful." Knowledge at Wharton looks at why some reorganizations succeed and others fail.
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Jun 18, 2022
According to Ken Lewis chairman chief executive of Charlotte-based Bank of America standalone investment banks are headed for obsolescence and perhaps even extinction. Speaking at Wharton on Nov. 7 Lewis painted a grim future for the once high-flying investment banking business while discussing the strategy corporate culture and ongoing expansion of Bank of America.
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Jun 18, 2022
Managers traditionally have built their careers by concentrating on specific disciplines such as finance or marketing. Such specialization however pales in comparison to the value that executives can generate when they fuse together insights from various fields into a cohesive whole. That was the message that the heads of three companies -- ARAMARK Commerce Bancorp and Contigroup Companies -- delivered when they spoke recently at Wharton.
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Jun 18, 2022
To celebrate the 25th anniversary of Nightly Business Report the most watched daily business program on U.S. television Wharton and NBR this month announced their list of the 25 most influential business leaders of the past 25 years. Andy Grove co-founder of Intel won the No. 1 position but the list also included Bill Gates Warren Buffett John Bogle Jeff Bezos Jack Welch and Oprah Winfrey among others. Can these leaders' attributes help you become a better business leader in your own organization?
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Jun 18, 2022
Call-centers are usually regarded as high-pressure workplaces where pay is often skimpy and turnover is rampant. Employee turnover rates in the industry range from 25% to 45% a year - which poses a problem for employers who invest substantial amounts in training workers only to see them leave. A new study by Emilio J. Castilla a professor of management at Wharton shows that if call-center operators want to reduce such high turnover rates improve worker retention and even increase employee productivity tapping into social networks could provide a possible solution.
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Jun 18, 2022
One of the world's hottest PC companies has a balance sheet worth envying a dominant position in a fast-growing market and a history of good service and innovative technology. But if you haven't heard of Legend Computer you can be excused; for the past 19 years the company has confined itself to China. As China transforms and opens though its No. 1 PC maker is coming into the spotlight and it hopes to become a global force to rival IBM Dell and HP. Experts at Wharton and elsewhere examine the prospects of Asia's most successful computer maker.
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Jun 18, 2022
Actors athletes and executives are among the most populous inhabitants of the rarified atmosphere of multimillion dollar incomes. Why is it then that corporate executives are coming under fire for excessive pay when athletes like Michael Jordan and entertainers like Oprah Winfrey seem to stir no such feelings of resentment? Part of the answer suggest Wharton faculty and others is that people see - and get - a direct benefit from what athletes and entertainers provide.
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Jun 18, 2022
Do cherry pickers - those consumers who are extremely sensitive to price and go from store to store to pick the best-priced items and leave the rest - really save a lot of money? A recent paper by Wharton marketing professor Stephen J. Hoch and Edward J. Fox a marketing professor at the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University found that consumers not only save money but that the savings are enough to offset the time it takes to do the extra shopping. In addition the researchers found a substantial number of shoppers are savvy and diligent enough to make cherry picking pay off.
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Jun 18, 2022
Prices have been at the center of human interaction ever since traders in ancient Mesopotamia began keeping records. Who doesn't love to guess what something costs - or argue about what something ought to cost? So it should come as no surprise that companies spend a lot of time figuring out how to price their products and services. But two professors in Wharton's marketing department Jagmohan S. Raju and Z. John Zhang say firms do not always go about pricing the right way despite the huge impact that pricing strategy can have on a company's profits.
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Jun 18, 2022
Is Dell doing everything right? In a sluggish PC market where global shipments only rose by 2.7% in 2002 Dell reported a 21% revenue growth year-over-year in the fourth quarter and their global market share jumped from 13.2% to 15.7%. Meanwhile Dell is a solid number one in the U.S. with 29.2% of the market. They have big plans in China and in printers. Is there any place this powerhouse is vulnerable?
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Jun 18, 2022
The U.S. stock market has jumped and the economy shows signs of perking up but Americans continue to lose jobs. Indeed some economists warn that that many of the nearly three million jobs lost over the past three years are gone for good. What's in store for the next three months and for 2004? While most economists and market watchers are somewhat optimistic others suggest that the recovery won't last.
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Jun 18, 2022
The recording industry has a pricing problem. People do not want to pay $15-20 for a compact disc when they can download the same music for free over the Internet. The industry's solution appears as novel as the technology that is giving it such headaches: launch hundreds of lawsuits against otherwise law-abiding consumers who download music. As G. Richard Shell a legal studies professor and author of a forthcoming book on competitive legal strategy notes this same tactic was tried 100 years ago against Henry Ford. It didn't work then and it won't work today.
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Jun 18, 2022
We might like to believe that the way to get ahead in the corporate world lies in hard work and brain power. But in his new book Career Warfare: 10 Rules for Building a Successful Personal Brand and Fighting to Keep It David F. D'Alessandro chairman and CEO of John Hancock Financial Services a Boston firm that in 2003 managed assets worth $140 billion for its clients stomps firmly on that idea.
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Jun 18, 2022
What constitutes a successful identity-oriented marketing strategy? According to Wharton marketing professor Americus Reed II it consists of three critical links - the consumer the identity and the brand. If these links are forged says Reed who recently completed a research paper on this topic "then they create connections that can lead to advantageous marketing outcomes for companies that are savvy enough to incorporate identity into their marketing strategy." Think Harley-Davidson.
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Jun 18, 2022
In the foreword of Who Says Elephants Can't Dance? Louis V. Gerstner Jr.'s memoir of his nine years as CEO of IBM the author confesses that he isn't one for reading the kind of book he's written. After a twelve-hour day at work he asks "who would want to go home and read about someone else's career at the office?" Apparently a lot of people do if book sales are any indication. Although he has his critics Gerstner's book tells how he turned IBM from a potential dinosaur into a dancing pachyderm.
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Jun 18, 2022
You might think that with the passing of another year the corporate scandals that have rocked American business would be showing signs of petering out. They are not. In the past few months disclosures of allegedly unethical or illegal practices have rocked the mutual-fund industry and some of its blue-chip names even as the head of the New York Stock Exchange was forced to resign over the size of his compensation package. Knowledge at Wharton spoke to ethics experts a business historian and a Wall Street executive in an attempt to understand why the country has witnessed misbehavior of breathtaking scope in the first few years of a new century.
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Jun 18, 2022
In today's economy the odds that employees' skills will need to be updated have increased says management professor Peter Cappelli. The question then becomes is your employer going to reinvest in you through retraining or lay you off and hire someone new? As director of the school's Center for Human Resources Cappelli wanted to know why a few companies have remained committed to retraining even as the ethos of American business has changed. The answer as Cappelli explains in a new research paper has a lot to do with what is termed "social capital."
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Jun 18, 2022
What makes some companies so much better at managing customer relationships than their competitors? Put a different way how are companies like Enterprise Rent-A-Car Pioneer Hi-bred Seeds Fidelity Investments Lexus Intuit and Capital One able to stay more closely connected to customers than their rivals in ways that significantly influence the profitability of the firm? It's a question that Wharton marketing professor George Day answers in a new paper. His research notes among other things three distinct approaches to customer relationship management (CRM) each with dramatically different results.
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Jun 18, 2022
EBITDA or Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Amortization has been used by analysts and investors to measure the fiscal health of the many high-tech media and other asset-heavy firms that do not generate earnings but instead incur plenty of depreciation amortization and other charges. Recently however EBITDA has come under fire for contributing to accounting irregularities at such companies as WorldCom and AOL Time Warner.
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Jun 18, 2022
Women make or influence the purchase of more than 80% of all products and services. So you might think there would be nothing about women's buying habits that American businesses don't know. You would be wrong according to two new books entitled "Just Ask a Woman: Cracking the Code of What Women Want and How They Buy" and "Marketing to Women: How to Understand Reach and Increase Your Share of the World's Largest Market Segment." The authors offer their observations on what women want when they set out to shop. Hint: Think "warmer " not "winner."
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Jun 18, 2022
Many Western companies are considering moving back-office operations such as call centers to low-wage countries like India. While this approach can result in significant savings when the project is handled right potential pitfalls can undo the benefits. Knowledge at Wharton spoke with two executives who have undertaken such projects for their organizations to understand where the pitfalls lie and how to avoid them.
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Jun 18, 2022
How does Southwest Airlines keep making money? After all the airline industry overall is in a shambles. US Airways and United Air Lines are reorganizing in bankruptcy while American Airlines flirts with the same fate. As a group the nation's biggest air carriers have lost billions of dollars over the past several years with no immediate recovery in sight. Yet the secret to its success said Southwest chairman Herb Kelleher during a talk at Wharton April 22 is available for anyone including its competitors to see.
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Jun 18, 2022
Managers have long been interested in weeding out customers that they consider to be less profitable than others. The question is how do managers determine who belongs in that group? According to several Wharton marketing professors there is no easy answer despite new and increasingly sophisticated efforts to measure what is called "Customer Lifetime Value" (CLV) - the present value of the likely future income stream generated by an individual purchaser. CLV it turns out is hard to calculate and harder to use.
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Jun 18, 2022
Leadership doesn't just start at the top. Leaders can also be found at the bottom of an organization and at just about every place in between. In this special report by Knowledge at Wharton and The McKinsey Quarterly the management journal of consulting firm McKinsey & Co. experts from McKinsey and Wharton point out that regardless of whether people are on the top line or the front line they should explore ways to exercise their leadership potential to the fullest. That is the only way in which they can create meaningful working lives for themselves and the organization can get the most from their efforts.
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Jun 18, 2022
Should your firm target your competitors' customers with lower prices than the competition charges them? When might it make sense instead to offer discounts to your own customers? Under what conditions might this sort of approach - known as "targeted pricing" - backfire by driving everyone's prices down too far? Recent research by Wharton marketing professor Z. John Zhang and several colleagues examines the complex dimensions of "targeted pricing" and suggests guidelines to help companies understand when "targeted pricing" might play an effective role in their marketing strategy.
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Jun 18, 2022
Fans of the hit TV comedy "The Jerry Seinfeld Show" may remember an episode in which Jerry's friend George leaves his car parked at work so that the boss will think George is putting in long hours even when he's not. The idea of course is that George's apparent productivity will net him a higher raise or bonus. Wharton professor Maurice Schweitzer would call George's behavior "an attempt to invoke the input bias - the use of input information (in this case the false impression of long hours) to judge outcomes." As extreme as this example might seem business decisions are frequently made based on input that is either biased or manipulated as Schweitzer and colleague Karen Chinander suggest in a new paper entitled "The Input Bias: The Misuse of Input Information in Judgments of Outcomes."
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Jun 18, 2022
In recent years Wharton management professor Peter Cappelli has heard companies warn about a coming labor shortage to the point where this prediction is now routinely factored into discussions about human-resource issues. The problem Cappelli found is that no such shortage will occur. In his latest research Cappelli explains how challenges in recruiting and hiring stem from changes in the nature of the employer-employee relationship not in a shortfall of workers caused by demographic shifts.
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Jun 18, 2022
For the second year in a row Wal-Mart topped Fortune magazine's list of largest companies and is also the magazine's most-admired firm the first time one company has shared both honors since the annual survey began in 1955. The giant retailer continues to expand worldwide planting giant supercenters as well as new neighborhood-scale markets in its attempt to offer more and more goods to a wider array of shoppers. But Wharton faculty and outside analysts note that Wal-Mart still faces a few challenges ranging from its own centralized operations to union opposition to problems with local zoning boards.
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Jun 18, 2022
When companies outsource back-office services overseas one of the biggest challenges they face is measuring the results. Failure to monitor whether work is being performed correctly after it moves outside a company can result in massive and costly errors. How can companies protect themselves against such risks? Ravi Aron co-director with Jitendra Singh of a recent Wharton executive education program on business-process outsourcing offers some crucial insights.
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Jun 18, 2022
Baby boomers are amassing trillions of dollars in stocks bonds and mutual funds for retirement. But when they quit work and start selling those assets will there be enough buyers? Or will supply outstrip demand driving down prices and leaving the retirees with far less than they had expected? Wharton finance professor Jeremy Siegel addressed these issues during a presentation at Wharton on May 15 in which he also talked about the current financial markets worker productivity and growth in developing countries.
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Jun 18, 2022
Hubris can help a CEO build a business empire and it can also cause its downfall. When business leaders don't know themselves as well as they should and they are unable to manage their ego and emotions they fail say experts from Wharton and elsewhere. A Wharton conference on self-awareness will explore these themes further next month.
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Jun 18, 2022
Gregory Mankiw head of the White House Council of Economic Advisors ignited a firestorm of debate this month when he said outsourcing of U.S. jobs is probably a good thing in the long run. As tends to happen with hot-button issues in presidential election years sensible discussion of this question was soon drowned in an uproar of political posturing. Experts at Wharton and the Boston Consulting Group point out that outsourcing is as old as the corporation. Increasingly sourcing work overseas is no longer a tactical option that can help firms save a few dollars here and there; it is a strategic necessity for any company that cares about its long-term competitiveness.
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Jun 18, 2022
The chairman of the largest software house in Ghana spoke approvingly of the "Wild West" aspects of doing business there. One of that country's cabinet ministers saw signs that "constitutional democracies are gaining roots" on the African continent. A prominent Nigerian lawyer spoke of profit margins all but impossible in the United States or Europe. These three panelists appeared recently at the 2005 Wharton Global Business Forum Africa Conference entitled "Unveiling the Value; Demystifying the Risk." Speakers described the continent as bursting with opportunities challenges and pitfalls for local and foreign companies but the emphasis was decidedly on the word "opportunity."
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Jun 18, 2022
Cell phones that do email take photos and surf the web. Cars with options ranging from built-in satellite radio to rain-sensing wiper blades. While a seemingly endless variety of new products may delight consumers it makes inventory management as dicey as predicting what a teenager will want for her birthday next year. The problem say Wharton professor Serguei Netessine and Wharton doctoral student Serguei Roumiantsev is that no one knows how to measure the quality of supply chain management using companies' publicly available financial data. In a recent paper entitled "Should Inventory Policy Be Lean or Responsive? Evidence for U.S. Public Companies " the two researchers provide "a statistical methodology that links managerial decisions related to inventory with accounting returns."
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Jun 18, 2022
When Carleton (Carly) S. Fiorina joined Hewlett-Packard as its chairman and CEO in 1999 she was widely regarded as a charismatic leader who would help HP get out of its high-tech rut. Six years later however Fiorina has been forced out of her position at HP's helm and the company is still languishing. What happened? According to Wharton professors while Fiorina has several strengths the merger she engineered with Compaq not only failed to deliver on its promises it actually made matters worse.
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Jun 18, 2022
As the Gulf Coast attempts to recover from the emotional and physical scars of Hurricane Katrina the nation's most expensive natural disaster Wharton and University of Pennsylvania faculty are raising questions about how society should assess and perceive risk and how it should compensate victims when disaster strikes. A new book entitled On Risk and Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina by University of Pennsylvania provost Ronald J. Daniels political science professor Donald F. Kettl and Howard C. Kunreuther Wharton professor of operations and information management argues that the U.S. government has become an insurer of last resort and questions whether that unofficial policy is contributing to larger and costlier disasters.
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Jun 18, 2022
A Special Report by CNET News.com and Knowledge at Wharton With the economy rebounding and the technology sector once again focused on new partners products and opportunities the Wharton Technology Conference on Feb. 27 emphasized the future with the theme: "From Survival to Growth: The Emerging Face of Technology." Panelists and speakers from industry the government and academia discussed entrepreneurship and business innovation new technologies and hot-button issues such as outsourcing and open source software. Knowledge at Wharton and CNET News.com covered several of the panels and keynote speakers.
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Jun 18, 2022
The demographics of today's workforce employee expectations about retirement and the types of retirement options offered are all in a state of flux making retirement policy a moving target for those charged with researching and administering pension plans. That was the message at a recent Wharton conference titled "Reinventing the Retirement Paradigm" co-hosted by Wharton's The Pension Research Council. Experts from academia government and industry debated what's ahead for the baby boomers and those coming up behind them.
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Jun 18, 2022
Those who have been following the controversy over "offshoring" U.S. service jobs to low-cost markets like India now have new developments to consider: The takeover this month by U.S. business giants -- IBM and Citigroup -- of two major providers of business process outsourcing (BPO) services in India. These developments seem to validate a new study by consulting firm A.T. Kearney which ranks India as the world's top location for BPO services followed by China Malaysia and the Czech Republic. Experts from Wharton and A.T. Kearney have lots to say about the latest trends in offshore outsourcing.
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Jun 18, 2022
Networking services - Internet companies that let users share personal profiles as a way to make social and professional contacts - are the hot e-businesses of the moment. Close to two dozen of these online communities are furiously recruiting members who in turn recruit their friends relatives co-workers and just about anyone seeking an introduction to or reference from someone who might matter. But it's still too early to measure how successful these sites are at matchmaking - or making money.
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Jun 18, 2022
Last week Microsoft unveiled the new version of its Windows Media Player firing the opening shots in a long-anticipated battle against Apple Computer for supremacy in the online music business. Both companies are targeting the fast-growing market whose sales are expected to be $270 million this year but could grow to $1.7 billion by 2009. Experts at Wharton and elsewhere say that for now Apple whose iTunes music service commands a 70% market share has an impressive lead. Over time however two strategic issues make Apple vulnerable to being dislodged by Microsoft or other rivals.
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Jun 18, 2022
Pricing the intersection at which untold numbers of buyers and sellers meet every day lies at the core of any business. Yet it remains misunderstood and poorly managed according to The Price Advantage a new book by three consultants at McKinsey & Co. Even executives at successful companies may not fully appreciate how small changes in price can lead to large changes in profitability. Wharton marketing professor David J. Reibstein spoke recently with the authors about the themes in their book.
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Jun 18, 2022
Marketers are happy speaking their own language replete with jargon like "awareness " "share of requirements" and "customer satisfaction." Such terminology works fine in the marketing department and with the advertising professionals who execute marketing plans. But there's a translation problem between that language and the language of profitability and stock price which is the mother tongue of corporate CEOs. "CEOs want to know what a 5% increase in customer satisfaction will do for the bottom line " says Wharton marketing professor David Reibstein who talked about "Linking Marketing Metrics to Financial Consequences" at the Wharton Marketing Conference on October 15.
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Jun 18, 2022
Wharton management professor Michael Useem director of the school's Center for Leadership and Change Management notes that one of the key mantras in corporate crisis management is: "Hide nothing tell all." Less than a week after Merck & Co.'s voluntary withdrawal of its blockbuster arthritis pain medication Vioxx following an extended clinical trial that linked the drug to heart attacks and strokes the jury is still out on whether the pharmaceutical giant followed this cardinal rule. Wharton professors debate Merck's response to the crisis and the impact of the recall.
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Jun 18, 2022
It's not easy being Wikipedia a free web encyclopedia created and edited by anonymous contributors. Just ask founder Jimmy Wales who has seen his creation come under fire in just a few short months as the site fends off vandalism and charges of inaccurate entries. But Wikipedia founded in 2001 as a non-profit organization has become a big enough presence that it raises a number of interesting questions including: Just how accurate is free content given recent events at Wikipedia? Does the aggregate 'wisdom of the crowd' trump the expertise of knowledgeable individuals? Does Wikipedia's policing mechanism work? And does the controversy over Wikipedia merely reflect further tension between old and new media? Wharton experts along with Wales offer some answers.
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Jun 18, 2022
China's securities industry is just one of the sectors moving ahead at a dizzying pace as the country readies itself for full entry into the World Trade Organization this year according to participants in the recent Wharton Global Business Forum's Asia Conference. Not surprisingly China dominated discussion at the conference with many speakers noting the speed with which the country is advancing. But growth is not just confined to China. The 21st century said one panelist will be the "Asian century " powered by among other things a highly educated and motivated population and increased travel and tourism.
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Jun 18, 2022
Can an industry that has spent a fortune on TV ads featuring mud wrestlers and talking frogs suddenly change its stripes to appeal to the wine-and-cheese single-malt Scotch crowd? The makers of Budweiser and other brands of beer hope so. Anheuser-Busch and its competitors are developing an industry-wide marketing campaign aimed at overhauling the image of the humble beer and staunching its declining share of the alcoholic beverage market. But Wharton faculty members say that such a radical makeover might be too tall an order even though the effort could enhance the appeal of microbreweries and perhaps some mass-market beers like Michelob that have already carved out a higher-end image.
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Jun 18, 2022
It's no surprise that the front lines of a corporate call center are unusually stressful but companies don't always account for that when hiring and training workers for this critical customer contact role according to speakers at a recent Call Center Industry Forum sponsored by Wharton's Financial Institutions Center. Given that an estimated 3% of the U.S. workforce is employed in call centers and that such centers typically experience a 30% annual turnover it's clear that new approaches to call center management are needed.
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Jun 18, 2022
The turmoil and uncertainty among auto manufacturers and their suppliers have left people wondering when a shakeout can be expected. According to Wharton management professor John Paul MacDuffie and Christopher Benko director of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Automotive Institute in Detroit consolidation will take place among suppliers to a much greater extent than among carmakers which may not experience mergers and acquisitions at all in the near term but will be engaged in ever-shifting strategic alliances and joint ventures. Additionally these experts say many Western parts suppliers are under immense pressure from lower-cost Chinese parts producers and need to consolidate to strengthen their chances of survival.
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Jun 18, 2022
Although it has one of the most dynamic economies in Africa Botswana also has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV-AIDS infection. In response the Botswana government along with the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania and Wharton's Sol C. Snider Entrepreneurial Research Center is helping develop a more efficient system to manage and monitor HIV/AIDS therapy. According to Ian C. MacMillan director of the Snider Center and James D. Thompson associate director of Wharton Entrepreneurial Programs the Botswana project illustrates a new concept called "Societal Wealth Creation via Experimental Entrepreneurship." By working to develop societal wealth enterprises in places like Africa MacMillan and Thompson hope to sidestep two obstacles that often plague business development around social problems -- low profitability and lack of seed funding.
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Jun 18, 2022
For nearly 30 years Wharton management professor Lawrence G. Hrebiniak has taken the art of business strategy and put it under a microscope. Over time he has brought one critical element into irrefutable focus: Creating strategy is easy but implementing it is very difficult. In his new book Making Strategy Work: Leading Effective Execution and Change (Wharton School Publishing) Hrebiniak presents a comprehensive model to help business leaders bridge the gap between strategy making and successful strategy execution. He challenges executives to recognize that making strategy work is more difficult than setting a strategic course - but also more important -- and he documents the obstacles that get in the way of successful performance.
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Jun 18, 2022
After adapting information technology to develop ever more sophisticated research methods marketers are taking a second look at more human qualitative approaches to tapping into the hearts and minds of consumers. As one Wharton marketing professor says: "We can put each customer's order on a microchip but as far as having a sense of what's inside making him tick " the answers remain elusive. He and others suggest that companies use both quantitative methods - such as data mining - and qualitative methods ranging from "concept banks" to "brand communities" to customer advisory boards always keeping in mind the cost-effectiveness of these varied approaches.
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Jun 18, 2022
David Sirota co-author of The Enthusiastic Employee: How Companies Profit by Giving Workers What They Want (Wharton School Publishing) believes far too many managers stifle employee enthusiasm across the board by using bureaucratic or punitive techniques that should be reserved for a troublesome few. Yet his book written with Louis A. Mischkind and Michael Irwin Meltzer finds that firms where employee morale is high -- such as Intuit and Barron's -- tend to outperform competitors. In an interview with Knowledge at Wharton Sirota talks about employees' three basic goals how to deal with employees who are "allergic" to work and how managers can inspire greater loyalty and productivity from their workforce.
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Jun 18, 2022
From childhood on individuals are told that setting goals for themselves will make them more successful in whatever they set out to do - whether it's win tennis games ace their exams or become CEO of their company. But goal-setting also has a dark side to it according to a recent research paper by a Wharton faculty member and two colleagues. In addition to motivating constructive behavior goal setting - especially when it involves rewards such as bonuses or perks - can also motivate unethical behavior when people fall short of the goals they set or that are set for them.
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Jun 18, 2022
Would you like to go on an Internet auction site and know how much to bid for a certain item -- and also know that you didn't overpay for that item? How about when you sell an item in an online auction: Would you like to know what price to set that ensures you don't leave money on the online table? Wharton marketing and statistics professor Eric T. Bradlow can't provide specific answers. But he does offer guidance on the behavior of potential buyers in a new study entitled "An Integrated Model for Bidding Behavior in Internet Auctions: Whether Who When and How Much " recently published in the Journal of Marketing Research. Bradlow co-authored the study with Cornell marketing professor Young-Hoon Park. "To the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to model formally the behavioral aspects of bidding behavior for the entire sequence of bids in Internet auctions " the authors write.
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Jun 18, 2022
Big media players are accustomed to watching the ratings for the most popular music video and book content but perhaps they should pay more attention to how consumers feel about three letters at the bottom of most charts -- DRM which stands for digital rights management. Broadly defined DRM encompasses multiple technologies that control the use of software music movies or any other piece of digital content. But media companies are risking a consumer backlash by deploying overzealous systems with draconian restrictions say experts at Wharton who also question whether DRM is worth the effort whether it will survive and what the best approach is for balancing the rights of consumers with the rights of content creators.
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Jun 18, 2022
The emergence of China and India figured prominently at the World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos last month. In India's case however another factor also was at work. Determined not to be overshadowed Indian business and government leaders spent some two years and $4 million planning an elaborate branding campaign to ensure that the "India story" got prominent play and did not get lost amid the chatter at Davos. How does a country go about building its brand though such PR campaigns? And how can outcomes be measured to see if the campaign worked? Wharton professors who were at Davos and Indian business and government leaders say that while India's campaign at the summit was impressive the country will now have to walk the talk on infrastructure investments and policy reforms if it wants to retain its credibility.
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